Bankruptcy, settlement, court, and claim-sale words used across Paxtibi articles.
- Creditor
- A person or company owed money by another party.
- Debtor
- A person or company that owes money.
- Bankruptcy estate
- Assets and legal rights controlled by bankruptcy and used to repay creditors.
- Proof of claim
- A proof of claim is the formal document a creditor files to show what it is owed and why. In U.S. bankruptcy cases, creditors commonly use Official Form 410. Filing it on time helps preserve the creditor’s right to receive a distribution from the bankruptcy estate. Mistakes, missing support, or late filing can cause delay, reduction, or disallowance.
- Secured claim
- A claim backed by collateral, giving the creditor rights in a specific asset.
- Unsecured claim
- A claim not backed by collateral.
- Priority unsecured claim
- An unsecured claim legally paid before ordinary unsecured claims.
- General unsecured claim
- An ordinary unsecured claim paid after higher-priority creditors.
- Trustee
- A court-appointed person who manages assets or claims in a case.
- Administrator
- A person or firm managing notices, claims, payments, or estate operations.
- Insolvency practitioner
- A licensed professional who manages insolvency or restructuring procedures.
- Liquidator
- A person appointed to sell assets and distribute proceeds.
- Liquidation
- The sale of assets to turn them into cash for creditors.
- Winding-up
- A court process that closes a company and distributes remaining assets.
- Restructuring
- Changing debts, operations, or ownership to avoid or manage insolvency.
- Recognition
- When one country accepts and gives effect to another country’s insolvency case.
- Cross-border insolvency
- An insolvency case involving assets, creditors, or companies in multiple countries.
- Statutory deadline
- A filing deadline set by law.
- Distribution
- Money or assets paid out to creditors or claimants.
- Record date
- The date used to decide who qualifies for a payment or distribution.
- Claim assignment
- A claim assignment is the legal transfer of a claim from the original holder to a new owner. It is commonly used when a claimant sells a bankruptcy claim or settlement claim to a buyer. After assignment, the buyer usually receives future distributions instead of the seller. The transfer may need a signed agreement and, depending on the process, notice to a court, trustee, or settlement administrator.
- Claim transfer
- The legal or administrative movement of a claim to a new holder.
- Claims docket
- The court or administrator record listing claim filings and transfers.
- Docket
- The official list of filings and events in a court case.
- Jurisdiction
- The legal authority of a court, country, or regulator over a matter.
- Arbitration
- A private dispute process outside court, usually decided by an arbitrator.
- Class action
- A lawsuit brought for a group of people with similar claims.
- Class Counsel
- Lawyers appointed to represent a class in a class action.
- Settlement class
- People covered by a proposed or approved class-action settlement.
- Settlement fund
- Money set aside to pay eligible settlement class members.
- Settlement administrator
- A settlement administrator is the firm or organization that handles the operational work of a settlement. It sends notices, runs claim portals, verifies claim forms, keeps records, and issues payments. For the NCAA House Settlement, claimants should use the official administrator site to check Claim ID, PIN, contact, and payment details. Information from buyers or other third parties should be compared against administrator records.
- Final approval
- The court’s decision that a class-action settlement can take effect.
- Objection
- A formal challenge to a claim, settlement, or court request.
- Appeal
- A request for a higher court to review a lower court’s decision.
- Rehearing
- A request asking the same appeals court to reconsider its decision.
- Supreme Court petition
- A request asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review a case.
- Escrow
- Escrow is a payment arrangement where money or assets are held by a neutral third party until agreed conditions are met. In a claim sale, escrow can protect the seller from transferring a claim without payment. It can also protect the buyer from paying before the assignment or verification is complete. The escrow agent releases funds only when the transaction documents and conditions are satisfied.
- Face value
- Face value is the full amount a claim is recorded as being worth before discounts, fees, timing, or risk adjustments. It may appear in a proof of claim, settlement notice, account statement, or administrator record. A buyer’s offer is usually a percentage of face value rather than the full amount. The difference reflects waiting time, uncertainty, legal risk, and the buyer’s required return.
- Annual payment cycle
- A yearly schedule for making distributions or settlement payments.
- Tax warning
- A disclosure explaining possible tax consequences before a transaction.